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TextATheIdeaofBeauty
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JoshuaReynolds
Pre-reading
SirJoshuaReynolds（1723-1792）ortraitpainteraiinatedEnglishartistithemiddleahtury.Hepromotedthe“GrandStyle”
inpaintingwhidedoionoftheimperfepletedover3000worksofart，ingafewprelimiches.WiththefoundingoftheRoyalAcademyofArtin1768，Reynoldswaselecteditsfirstpresident，apositioiltheendofhislife.HewasknightedbyKingGeeⅢin1769.
SirJoshuaReynoldswasalsoaerandaclosefriendofSamuelJohnson.HisDiscourses，aseriesoflecturesdeliveredattheAcademybetween1769and1790，arerememberedfortheirsensitivityaion.
Thisessay（inallyuappearedinJohnson’sTheIdler（1759）.
Promptsf
1.Whatdoyouimagihor’sideaofbeauty?
2.Howwedetermiisbeautiful?
3.Howdowedeveloptheabilitytodistiyfromdeformity?
4.WhatdoaNaturalistandaPainterhaveinon?
5.Whatroledoeshabitandplayagtotheauthor?
6.Whatisthepointoftheexampleofas>
7.Howdoestheauthorveyhisideaofbeautytothereadereffectively?
8.Howdoestheauthordefihepassage?
9.h13about?
10.Isthereaforbeauty?Isbeautysubjectiveorobjective?
[1]DisginmylastletteronthedifferentpracticeoftheItalianandDutters，Iobservedthat“theItaliaendsonlytotheihegreat，andgeneralideas，whicharefixedaiure.”
[2]IwaslediofthisletterbyeofixtheihisductoftheItaliabeprovedthatbythischoicetheyselectedthemostbeautifulpartofthe，itmuchtheirprinciplesarefoundedonreason，aime，discinofourideasofbeauty.
[3]Isupposeitwillbeeasilygranomanjudgewhetheranyaifulinitskind，ordeformed，whohasseespecies;thisisasregardtothehumaifaman，bornbliht，abeautifulwhtbeforehim，heihershewasha;beautifulandmostdeformedwereproduced，couldheaermiowhichheshouldgivethepreferengseenoodistihen，implieshavingseenmanyindividualsofthatspecies.Ifitisasked，howismoreskillacquiredbytheobservatioernumbers?
[4]Ia，inceofhavihepowerisacquired，evenwithoutseeki，ofdistinguishiweealblemishes1andexces2whitinuallyvaryingthesurfaature’sworks，andtheinvariablegeneralformwhiaturemostfrequentlyprodudalwaysseemstointeions.
[5]Thusamongstthebladesofgrassorleavesofthesametree，thoughnotwobefoulyalike，thegeneralformisiuralist，beforeheeasasample，wouldexaminemaookthefirstthatoccurred，itmighthavebyatorotherwisesuasthatitwouldscarowhatspecies;heselectsasthePaihemostbeautiful，thatis，themostgeneralformofnature.
[6]Everyspeciesoftheanimalaswellasthevegetableaybesaidtohaveafixedordetermiowardswhiatureisuallying，likevariousliire;oritmaybeparedtopendulumsvibratingiionsoveroralpoint:andastheyallcrossthetre，thoughohrougha，soitwillbefoubeautyisoftenerproduaturethay:Idohayithananyonekiy.Toinstanaparticularpartofafeature:thelifeoftheifulwhenitisstraight;this，theralform，whichisoftehahervex，oranyularformthatshallbeproposed.Aswearetheomedtobeautythay，wemaycludethattobethereasonrovea，asroveaomsandfashionsofdressfornootherreasonthanthatweareusedtothem;sothatthoughhabitandotbesaidtobethecauseofbeauty，itislythecauseit;abutthatifweweremoreusedtodeformitythay，deformitywouldtheheidea，aofbeauty:asifthewholeworldshouldagree，thatyesandnoshouldgetheirmeahendeny，andno>
[7]Whoeveruoproceedfurtherinthisargument，aofixageerioyrespegdiffereoshowwhyonespeciesismorebeautifulthawillberequiredfromhimfirsttoprovethatonespeciesisreallymorebeautifulthawepreferoher，andwithverygoodreason，willbereadilygradoesnotfollowfromthewethinkitamorebeautifulform;forwehavenobywhiinement.Hewhosaysaswaifulthanadove，meahanthathehasmorepleasureinseeingaswanthaherfromthestatelismotions，oritsbeingamorerarebird;andhewhogivesthepreferehedove，doesitfromsomeassoofideasofinnocewhichhealwaysahedove;butifhepreteheprefereooherbyeoprovethatthismorebeautifulformproaparticulargradationofmagion5ofacurve，ordireofalieverotheraginationheshallfixon，asa，hewillbeuallytradighimself，andfindatlastthatthegreatMotherofbesubjectedtosuarrowrules.Amongthevariousreasonswhywepreferoofherworkstoahemostgeneral，Ibelieve，ishabitandmakes，iaiebladblackwhite;itisaloerminesourpreferehecoloroftheEuropeahiopians，ahesamereasoheirowncolortoours.Isupposenobodywilldoubt，ifoersweretopainttheGoddessofBeauty，butthathewouldrepresentherblack，withthicklips，flatnose，andwoollyhair;aome，hewouldanaturallyifhedidnot，forbywhatwillaethepropriety6ofhisidea?WeihattheformandcoloroftheEuropeaothatoftheEthiopian;butIknowofnootherreaso，butthatwearemoreaedtoit.Itisabsurdtosaythatbeautyispossessedofattractivepowers，whichirresistiblyseizetheindwithloveandadmiratioargumentisequallyfavorofthewhiteandtheblackphilosophers.
[8]Thebladwhitenationsmust，iofbeauty，besideredasofdifferentkiadifferehesamekind;fromoneofwhichtotheother，asIobserved，noinferenbedrawn.
[9]yissaidtobeohecausesofbeauty.Thatyisaverysuffitreasonwhyweshouldadmireisbecauseitisunon，isitthereforebeautiful?Thebeautythatisproducedbycolor，aswhenwepreferohofthesameform，onatofitscolor，hasnothingtodowiththeargument，whichrealytofor
[10]IhaveheresideredthewordBeautyasbeingproperlyappliedtoformalohereisayoffixingthisedsehereent，ifthesehewordisextehingthatisapproved.Arosemayaswellbesaidtobebeautifulbecauseithasafinesmell，asabirdbecauseofitscolor.
[11]lythewordBeauty，wedonotmeanalwaysbyitamorebeautifulform，butsomethingvaluableonatofitsrarity，usefulness，color，oray.Ahorseissaidtobeabeautifulanimal;buthadahorseasfewgoodqualitiesasatortoise，Idonotimagiheiful.
[12]Afitheendproposedissaidtobeanothercauseofbeauty;butsupposingwewerepresofwhatformisthemostproperinananimaltostitutestrengthorswiftness，wealwaysdetermisbeauty，beforeweexerttojudgeofitsfitness.
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