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TextBTheOtheMany
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ArthurM.SgerJr.
Pre-reading
ArthurMeierSger（October15，1917-February28，2007）isoiialAmerihistoriahdwihe1946PulitzerPrizeinHisthiscareerasaHarvardprofessorofhistory，hehasalsobeenareor，socialdpublitellectual.MuchofSger’sworkfotheexplorationof20thturyAmeriliberalismandhehadbeeualbeaeriliberalssince1940s.
SgerservedasspecialassistaKennedyfrom1961to1963.HewroteadetailedatoftheKennedyadministration，fromthe1960presidentialtothepresident’sstatefuledAThousandDays:JohheWhiteHouse，whithe1966PulitzerPrizeinBiraphy.Sgerreturea1966astheAlbertSchweitzerProfessoroftheHumaheGraduateterofTheiversityofNewYork.Afterheretiredfromtea1994，heremainedinvolvedinpoliticsfortherestofhislifethroughhisbooksandpubligtours.
Promptsf
1.WhatdoesthetitleTheOtheManymean?Findoutthemeaningof“one”
and“many”
inthepassage.
2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorbelievetheAmeriexperieivetoesseekingnatio?
3.WhatfatributedtoAmerientagtotheauthor?Whichfactorisfual?
4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“anideologicalsociety”
（Paragraph6）?
5.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyideology?
6.Whatdoesthe“fox”
standfor?Howisthefoxdifferentfromthe“hedgehog”
?
7.Howdoestheauthoriherelatioweenexperiera?
8.Howdoestheauthordifferentiateidealandideology?
9.HowisThomasJeffersohenotionsofidealandideologyrespectivelyagtotheauthor?
10.ithfaithinideology?
11.Howwouldaihumanhistory?
12.Whatismeantby“themixedsod“themixedey”
（Paragraph19）?
13.Howdoideologistsandpragmatistsseetheworlddifferently?
14.Howdoideologistsandpragmatistsdefihdifferently?
[1]Inanepoiheaspiratioesfornatio，itisiorecallthattheuesitselfbeganasanunderdevelopedtry.
[2]Everytry，ofcourse，hasitsdistiproblemsandmustsolvethemagtoitsowntraditions，capadvalues.TheAmeriexperieniqueinanumberofways.Thetrywasblessedbyages—aboveall，bythefactthatpopulationwassrelationtoavailableresources.Butthefavorableratiobetweenpopulationandresourceswasobviouslynottheonlyfaerient.Hadthatbeenso，theIndians，forwhomtheratiowasevenmorefavorable，wouldhavedevelopedthetrylohefirstsettlersarrivedfromovertheseas.Whatmatteredequallyiritinwhichthesesettlersapproachedtheeidsocialgesofferedbythee.SeveralelementsseemedfuhephilosophywhichfacilitatedtherapidsodeientoftheAmerient.
[3]OorwasthedeepfaithiioiihemostessentialwayforasocietytodevoteitsresourcesexistedfromtheearliestdaysoftheAmeriies.Itarinallyfromaphilosophicalratherthananeent—fromafaithiyofmanandfrbeliefthatitistheresponsibilityofsoaunitytodevelophishighestpote，atthesametime，italsohelpedproduditioosuccessfulmodernization.
[4]Modernindustrialsocietymustbeaboveallaliteratesoichistoriansattributetwo-thirdsofthegrowthiputovertheturiesofAmerienttoinproductivity.Andinproductivity，ofedirethesizeofnatioiionandinresearch.J.K.Galbraithhadrightlyobservedthat“adollarorarupeeiheiualimprovementofhumanbeingswillregularlybrieriiohanadollarorarupeedevotedtorailways，dams，maetools，iblecapitalgoods.”
ThesewordsaccuratelyreporttheAmerialexperience.
[5]Aorintheproerieheenttoself-goveraiveinstitutions1.Wehavefouerwaythaofulfillmasandreleasehisenergies.Arelatedfactorhadbeeioanceofpersonalfreedomandpersonalihefeelingthattheindividualisthesourceofcreativity.Anotherhasbeeandingoftheroleofcooperativeactivity，publicaswellasvoluntary.
[6]Butfuoallofthese，ahesiimportaioivespeedofAmeriehenatioionofdogmatisaboutthehesodeericahashadthegoodfortuobeanideologicalsociety.
[7]ByideologyImeanabodyofsystematidrigiddogmabywhichpeopleseektouhereserveortransformit.Thefliideologyandempiricismhas，ofcourse，beenoldinhumanhistory.Ihisflict，ideologyhasattraeestintelligendhasproduSirIsaiahBerlihe“hedgehogs”
，whokhing，asagainstthe“foxes”
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