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&ein
Pre-reading
&ein（1879-1955）wasaGermaicalphysicist.Hedevelopedthegeheoryofrelativity，owopillarsofmodernphysigsidequantummeistein’sworkisalsoknownforitsihephilosophyofssteiknowninpopularass-energyequivalenulaE=mc2.Hereceivedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhis“servicestotheoreticalphysiparticularhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect，apivotalstepiionofquantumtheory.
&eihaificpapersalongwithover150ificworks.Eiellectualatsandinalityhavemadetheword“Einstein”
synonymouswith“genius”
.
ThefollowingessayisfromSce，Philosion，ASymposium，publishedbytheSce，PhilosioioicWayofLife，InewYork，1941.
Promptsf
1.HowdoesEinsteindefine“sce”
?
2.WhatcharacterizestheaspiratiiousperstoEinstein?
3.HowdoesEihatsdreligioworealmsclearlymarkedofffromeachother?Andinwhatwaysaretheyinreciproterdepeionships?
4.Whatisthemaihepresent-dayflictsbetweenthespheresionandsce?
5.Uceswillstificmethodfailus?
&eihedoewithscouldberefutedbysce?Whyorwhynot?
7.HiousteachersreizethatreligionobledandmademoreprofouifiowledgeagtoEinstein?
8.WheredoessteritsgreatestsuccessagtoEinstein?Inwhatwaydoyouthinksemancipatepeople?
&ei“ahumbleattitudeofmindtrandeurofreasious，iseheword”
.Howdoyouuandahiswords?
&eihepathtogeyliesthrafterrationalknowledge”
.Howdoyouuandahiswords?
[1]Itwouldnotbediffietoaowhatweuandbysceisthetury-oldeetherbymeansofsystematicthoughttheperceptiblephehisworldintanassoaspossible.Toputitboldly，itistheattemptattheposteriorrestruofexisteheprocessofceptualization.ButwhenaskireligionisIotthinkoftheanswersoeasily.Aerfindingananswerwhichmaysatisfymeatthispartient，IstillremaiIeverunderanygtogether，eventoaslightextesofallthosewhohavegiveionserioussideration.
[2]Atfirst，then，insteadofaskingwhatreligionisIshouldprefertoaskwhatcharacterizestheaspirationsivesmetheimpressionious:apersonwhiouslyenlighteometobeonewhohas，tothebestofhisability，liberatedhimselffromthefettersofhisselfishdesiresandispreoccupiedwiththoughts，feelings，andaspirationstowhigsbecauseoftheirsuperpersoseemstomethatortantistheforceofthissuperpersohedepthofthegitsmeaningfulness，regardlessoftismadetouhistwithadivineBeing，forotherwiseitwouldnotbepossibletotBuddha1andSpiniouspersonalities.Agly，areligiouspersohesehehasnodoubtofthesigihosesuperpersosandgoalswhieitherrequirenorarecapableofrationalfoundatiohthesameyanessashehimself.Inthissensereligionistheage-oldendeavorofmankindtobeedpletelysciousofthesevaluesandgoalsandtlyttheheireffeeceivesionandsceagtothesedefinitionsthenaflithemappearsimpossible.Forsoainwhatis，butnotwhatshouldbe，asdomaisofallkindsremainnecessary.Religioherhand，dealsoionsofhumanthoughtanda:itotjustifiablyspeakoffadrelatioweenfacts.Agtothisihewell-knownflictsbetweenreligiohepastmustallbeasisapprehensioionwhichhasbeendescribed.
[3]Forexample，aflictariseswhenareligiousunityinsistsoetruthfulnessofallstatementsretheBible.Thismeaioionintothesphereofsce;thisiswherethestruggleoftheChurstthedalileoandDarwinbelongs.Oherhaivesofsadeaoarriveatfualjudgmentswithrespecttovaluesahebasisofstificmethod，andinthiswayhavesetthemselvesinoppositiioshaveallsprungfromfatalerrors.
[4]houghtherealmsiohemselvesareclearlymarkedofffromeachother，hereexistbetweerongreciprocalrelationshipsahiowhichdetermihas，heless，learnedfromsthebroadestsemeanswilltributetotheattaihegoalsithassetup.Butsohhlyimbuedirationtowardtruthaanding.Thissourceoffeeling，hsfromthesphereion.Tothistherealsobelohinthepossibilitythattheregulationsvalidfortheworldofexisteional，thatis，preheoreason.Iceiveofagehoutthatprofoundfaith.Thesituationmaybeexpressedbyanimage:scewithionislame，religionwithoutsd.
[5]ThoughIhaveassertedabovethatintruthalegitimateflireligionaexist，Imusthelessqualify3thisassertiononoialpoint，withrefereualtofhistions.ThisqualifihastodowiththeceptofGtheyouthfulperiodofmankind’sspiritualevolutionhumanfaedgodsinman’sownimage，who，bytheoperationsoftheirwillweresupposedtodetermiaoihephenomenalworld.Mansoughttoalterthedisposition4ofthesegodsinhisownfavorbymeansofmagidprayer.TheideaofGodiaughtatpresentisasublimation5ofthatoldceptofthegods.Itsanthropomorphic6characterisshown，forihefactthatmeheDivineBeinginprayersahefulfillmentoftheirwishes.
[6]ainly，willdenythattheideaoftheexisten，a7personalGodisabletoaansolace，help，andguidance;also，byvirtueofitssimplicityitisaccessibletothemostundevelopedmind.But，oherearedecisiveweakachedtothisideainitself，aisihebeginningofhistory.Thatis，ifthisbeingisomheneveryogeveryhumana，everyhumanthought，andeveryhumanfeelingandaspirationisalsoHiswork;howisitpossibletothinkofholdingmenrespoheirdeedsandthoughtsbeforesualmightyBeing?IngivingoutpuandrewardsHewouldtoaextentbepassionHimself.Howthisbebihegoodnessandrighteousnessas?
[7]Themaihepresent-dayflictsbetweenthespheresionandofsthisceptod.Itistheaimofscetoestablishgeneralruleswhichdetermihereciproeofobjedeventsintimeaheserules，orlawsofelygeneralvalidityisrequired—ismainlyaprogram，andfaithinthepossibilityofitsaentinprincipleisoialsuccesses.Buthardlyanyonecouldbefoundwhowoulddeialsudascribethemtohumaiohatonthebasisofsuchlawsredictthetemporalbehaviorofphenomeaindomainsredtyisdeeplyembeddedintheessofthemoderhoughhemayhavegraspedverylittleofthetsofthoselaws.Heneedonlysiderthatplaarycourseswithinthesolarsystemmaybecaladvahgreatexathebasisofalimitednumberofsimplelaws.Inasimilarway，thoughnotwiththesamepre，itispossibletocaladvahemodeofoperatioricmotor，atransmissionsystem，orofaaratus，eveha.
[8]Tobesure，whentheintoplayinaphenomenologiplexiste，stifiostcasesfailsus.Ohiher，inrediforafewdaysaheadisimpossible.helesshatwearetedwithaionohemainknowntous.Othisdomaihereachofexactpredibecauseofthevarietyoffaoperation，notbecauseofanylackoforderinnature.
[9]eedfarlessdeeplyiiesobtainingwithintherealmoflivingthings，butdeeplyehelesstoseheruleoffixedy.Ohiiheredity，aofpoisons，asforinstancealthebehavianigs.Whatisstilllaghereisagraspofsey，butnotaknowledgeoforderinitself.
[10]Themoreamaheularityofalleventsthefirmerbeeshisthatthereishesideularityforcausesofadifferentnature.Forhimheruleofhumannortheruleofdiviasaaturalevehedoewithseverberefuted，intherealsense，bysce，forthisdoalwaystakerefugeinthosedomainsinwhitifiowledgehasosetfoot.
[11]ButIampersuadedthatsuchbehaviorooftherepresentativesionwouldnotohybutalsofatal.Foradoewhichisabletomaiibutonlyinthedark，willofyloseitseffeankind，withincalculableharmtress.Irugglefortheethicalgood，teachersionmusthavethestature9togiveupthedoeod，thatis，giveupthatsourceoffearandhopewhithepastplacedsuchvastpowerinthehandsofpriests.IntheirlaborstheywillhavetoavailthemselvesofthoseforcesableofgtheGood，theTrue，aifulinhumahisis，tobesure，amoredifficultbutaninparablymoreworthytask.（ThisthoughtisglypreseSamuel’sbook，BeliefandA.）Afterreligiousteaplishtherefiningprodicatedtheywillsurelyreizewithjionhasbeenennobledandmademoreprofouifiowledge.
[12]Ifitisohegioemankindasfaraspossiblefromtheborigs，desires，andfears，stifigaidreligiohersehoughitistruethatitisthegoalofscetodiscoverruleswhichpermittheassodfoffacts，thisisnotitsonlyaiItalsoseekstoreduiohesmallestpossibleuallyiceptualelements.Itisinthisstriviionalunifianifoldthatitesgreatestsuccesses，eventhoughitispreciselythisattemptwhichcausesittreatestriskoffallioillusions.Butwhoeverhasuenseexperienceofsuccessfuladvahisdomainismovedbyprofouherationalitymademaience.Bywayoftheuandingheachievesafar-reatheshacklesofpersonalhopesaherebyattainsthathumbleattitudeofmindtrandeurofreasoniendwhiitsprofouhs，isioman.Thisattitude，hoearstometious，iseheword.Andsoitseemstomethatsotonlypurifiesthereligiousimpulseofthedross10ofitsanthropomorphismbutalsotributestiousspiritualizationofoflife.
[13]Thefurtherthespiritualevolutionofmankihemoreitseemstomethatthepathtogeydoeshroughthefearoflife，andthefearofdeath，andblindfaith，butthrafterratiohissehatthepriestmustbeeateacherifhewishestodojusticetohisloftyeduission.
Notes
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