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AndBenda11ismostpositiveinhisRapportd’Uriel:“Thebodyofmaselfquiteapartfromthatofwomahelatterseemswantinginsigself...Mankofhimselfwithoutwomahihoutman.”
Andsheissimplywhatmahussheiscalled“thesex”
，bywhitthatsheappearsessentiallytothemaleasasexualbeing.Forhimsheissex—absolutesex，noless.Sheisdefinedaedwithrefereomanahrefereoher;sheistheiheiialasopposedtotheesseheSubject，heistheAbsolute—sheistheOther.
[7]ThecategoryoftheOtherisasprimordialasessitself.Iprimitivesocieties，iahologies，oheexpressionofaduality—thatoftheSelfahisdualitywasninallyattachedtothedivisionofthesexes:iteuponanyempiricalfacts.ItisrevealedinsuchworksasthatofGra12oandthoseofDumézil13oIndiesahefemifirstnomoreinvolvedinsuchpairsasVaruna-Mitra14，Uranus15-Zeus，Sun-Moon，andDay-NightthanitwasisbetweenGoodandEvil，luluckyauspices，righta，Godahernessisafuegoryofhumanthought.
[8]ThusitisthatsitselfupastheOatoiheraihreetravelerscetooccupythesameent，thatisenoughtomakevaguelyhostile“others”
outofalltherestofthepassehetrain.Insmall-toersoothevillageare“strangers”
ahenativeofatryallwhoinhabitothertriesare“fners”
;Jewsare“differei-Semite，Negroesare“inferior”
forAmeriracists，abiives”
forists，proletariahe“lowerclass”
fed.
[9]Lévi-Strauss17，attheendofaprofoundworkonthevariousformsofprimitivesocieties，reachesthefollowing:“PassagefromthestateofhestateofCultureismarkedbyman’sabilitytoviewbiologicalrelationsasaseriesoftrasts;duality，alternation，opposition，aherueueforms，stitutenotsomuenatobeexplainedasfualaelygivendataofsocialreality.”
ThesephenomenawouldbeinprehensibleifinfasocietyweresimplyaMitsein18orfellowshipbasedonsolidarityandfriehingsbeethetrary;if，followingHegel，wefindinessitselfafuilitytowardseveryotheress;thesubjebeposedonlyinbeingopposed—hesetshimselfupastheessential，asopposedtotheother，theiheobject.
[10]Buttheotheress，theo，setsupare.Theravelingabroadisshoselfinturnregardedasa“strahenativesofneighbtries.Asamatteroffact，wars，festivals，tradiies，asamoions，aodeprivetheceptOtherofitsabsoluteseomakemasrelativity;willy-nilly，individualsandgroupsareforcedtorealizethereciprocityoftheirrelations.Howisit，then，thatthisreciprohesexes，thatoingtermsissetupasthesoleessential，denyiyioitscorrelativeahelatteraspureotherness?Whyisitthatwomendonotdisputemalesnty?willreadilyvoluobeetheobjeessential;itisherwho，indefiheOther，establishestheOherisposedassuchbytheOneindefiheOiftheOtherishestatusofbeibesubmissiveenoughtoacceptthisalienpointofview.Whehissubmissioninthean?
[11]Thereare，tobesure，otherwhichacategoryhasbeeodomiherpletelyforatime.Veryoftenthisprivilegedependsupoyofhemajorityimposesitsruleupoyorpersecutesit.Butwomeaminority，liketheAmeriegroesortheJews;thereareasmanywomeh.Agaiwogroupsedhaveoftenbeeni;theymayhavebeenformerlyunawareofeachother’sexisteheyreizedeachother’sautonomy.Butahistorithasresultediionoftheweakerbythestroeriheintroduofslaveryihequestsofimperialismareexamplesinpoint.Iheoppressedretaihememoryofformerdays;theypossessedinonapast，atraditioimesareligionoraculture.
[12]Theparalleldrawweeheproletariatisvalidihereverformedaminorityoraseparatecolleitofmankind.Andinsteadofasiorititisinbothcasesahistorieheirstatusasadabershipofpartidividualsinthatclass.Butproletariaalwaysexisted，whereastherehavealwaysbeeheyarewomeniheiranatomyandphysihouthistorytheyhavealwaysbeensubordiomeheirdependenottheresultofahistoritorasoge—itwashatoccurred.Thereasonwhyotherhiscaseseemstobeanabsoluteisinpartthatitlacksthetoriureofhistoricalfaditihtaboutatatimebeabolishedatsomeothertime，astheiandothershaveproved:butitmightseemthatnaturalisbeyondthepossibilityoftruth，however，thehingsisablygiven，onceforall，thanishistoricalreality.Ifwomaobetheiialwhieverbeestheessential，itisbecausesheherselffailstaboutthisge.Proletarianssay“We”
;Negroesalsthemselvesassubjects，theytransformthebeois，thewhites，iwomendonotsay“We”
，exeinistsorsimilarformaldemonstration;mensay“women”
，ahesamewtothemselves.Theydoicallyassumeasubjectiveattitude.Theproletarianshaveaplishedthe“revolutioninRussia，thei，theIlingforitinIndo-a;butthewomehashihanasymbolicagitation.Theyhavegainedonlywhatmenhavebeenwillingtograakennothing，theyhaveonlyreceived.”
[13]Thereasonforthisisthatwomenlaeansfthemselvesintoaunitwhistaofacewiththecorrelativeunit.Theyhavenopast，nohistionoftheirown;andtheyhavenosuchsolidarityofworkahatoftheproletariat.TheyarenotevenpromiscuetheriunityfeelingamongtheAmeriegroes，theghettoJews，theworkersofSaihefadsofRenault.Theylivedispersedamongthemales，attachedthroughresidence，housework，eidition，andsodiaihersorhusbahaherwomen.Iftheybelongteoisie，theyfeelsolidaritywithmenofthatotwithproletariaheyarewhite，theirallegiaowhitemen，nottoheproletariatassacretherulingdasuffitlyfanatiightdreamofgettingsolepossessioomiakinghumanitywhollyJewishorblaanoteveermihebondthatuoheroppressorsisnotparabletoahedivisionofthesexesisabiologicalfaeventinhumanhistory.MaleaahinaprimordialMitsein，andwomanhashecoupleisafuywithitstwohalvesrivetedtogether，andthecleavageofsogthelineofsexisimpossible.HereistobefouraitofwomaheOtherinatotalityofwhiposareooher
....
[14]Now，womanhasalwaysbee，ifnothisslave;thetwosexeshaveneversharedtheworldiy.Aodaywomanisheavilyhahoughhersituatiooge.Almostnowhereisherlegalstatusthesameasman’s，aismuchtoherdisadvantage.Evesarelegallyreizedi，long-standingpreventstheirfullexpressioniheeicspheremenandwomenalmostbesaidtomakeuptwocastes;sbeiheformerholdthebetterjobs，gethigherwages，andhavemoreopportunityforsutheirors.Inindustryandpolitihaveagreatmaionsandtheymoimportantposts.Inadditiontoallthis，theyenjoyatraditiethattheeduofteosupport，forthepresentehepast—aallhistoryhasbeenmadebymetime，whenwinniintheaffairsoftheworld，itisstillaworldthatbeloheyhavenodoubtofitatallandwomenhavesy.TodeetobetheOther，torefusetobeapartytothedeal—thiswouldbeforwomentoreheadvantagesferredupoheiralliahesuperior-the-snwillprovidewomahmaterialprotedwilluhemoraljustifiofherexistehussheevadeatoheidthemetaphysicalriskofalibertyinwhidaimsmustbetrivedwithoutassistandeed，alongwiththeethicalurgeofeadividualtoaffirmhissubjectiveexistehereisalsothetemptatiolibertyahing.Thisisaninauspiciousroad，forhewhotakesit—passive，lost，ruined—beeshehecreatureofanother’swill，frustratedinhistransddeprivedofeveryvalue.Butitisaneasyroad;ohestraininvolvediakingaimanmakesofwomaher，hemay，theomaedteolicity.Thus，womanmayfailtolayclaimtothestatusofsubjectbecauseshelaiteresources，becauseshefeelsthenecessarybondthattieshertardlessofreciprodbecausesheisoftenverywellpleasedwithherroleastheOther.
Notes
&erheeternalfeminineisapsychologicalarchetypeorphilosophiciplethatidealizesanimmutablean”
.Itisoofgeialism，thebeliefthatmenandwomenhavedifferentcore“esseotbealteredbytimeore.
2.womb:子宫
3.oisseur:aoappreciateafield;espethefis
4.uterus:子宫
5.ovaries:卵巢
6.nominalism:thedoethatthevariousobjectslabeledbythesametermhavenothinginonbuttheirname
7.DorothyParker:（1893-1967）Ameriwriternotedforhersharpwit
8.Trotskyite:radicalswhosupportTrotsky’stheorythatsocialismmustbeestablishedthroughouttheworldbygrevolution
&icles:睾丸
10.JulesMichelet:（1798-1874）FrenchhistorianwhowasthefirsttouseahewordRehorofHistoryoftheFreion（1847）
11.JulienBenda:（1867-1956）aFrenchphilosophera.HeremainsfamousforhisessayTheBetrayaloftheIuals.
12.Maret:（1884-1940）Frenchsociologist，ethnologistandsinologist.Hewasosoethodstothestudyofa.
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