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Jean-JacquesRousseau
Pre-reading
Jean-JacquesRousseau（June1712-July1778）wasaSwissbornphilosopher，author，politiposer，andrahegreatestfiguresoftheFreeage30，RousseaumovedtoPariswherehejoinedDeheterofthephilosophies.Hisfirstmajorwork，DistheArtsandSces（175uedthatmanisgoodbyhasbeencorruptedbysodcivilization.HislightoperaThegMan（1752）waswidelyadmired.
InDistheinandFoundatioyAmongMen（1754），hearguedagainstThomasHobbesthathumaheformatioiespy，avicearoseastheresultofsanizatioheintroduofprivateproperty.Civilsociety，heheld，esintobeingonlytoeoprotectproperty，whioteveryothusrepresentsafraudulentsotractthatreinforequality.
InTheSotract（1762），whiswiththememorableline，Manwasborheiseverywhereins.Ruesthatacivilsocietybasedonagenuinesotractratherthanafraudulentonewouldprovidepeoplewithabetterkindoffreedomiheirnaturalindependeicalliberty，whiderstaoaself-imposedlawcreatedbythegeneralwill.
Iioiseoiorage，andRousseauwasforcedtofleetoSwitzerland.Hebeganshowingsigabilityin1767，andhediedinsane.sofJean-JacquesRousseau（1770），whichhemodeledontheworkofthesametitlebySt.Augustine，isamofamousautobiographies.
Rousseau’simmenseinfluencearisesfromhisbeiruephilosopherofRomantihismaiuallifeoftheonehundredyearsarefirstfouunityofhumankindaheelevationoffeelingahedofthei;adynamianhistoryanditsdifferehinteleologyandinthepossibilityofregavanishedfreedo
ThefollowiakeheSotract.
Promptsf
1.Whenandwhydomeeaingforces?
2.ForroblemdoesTheSotractprovidethesolution?
3.Whatwouldbethecesoftheviolationofthesopact?
4.Howtheclausesofthesopaderstoodinasimple>
5.Onwhatowouldtheassoecessarilybeeiyrannical?
6.HowdoestheauthordefineRepublic，State，SnandPower?
7.Ifsopactgivesexistendlifetothebodypolitic，whatdoesLawgivetoit?Howimportantislawtosociety?
8.Whyisthereasureneedforsandlawsinthehumanworld?
9.Howdoestheauthordefinelaw?
10.Whydoestheauthorsaythatitotbeaskedwhosebusiistomakelaws?
11.Whoshouldbetheauthoroflawandwhy?
12.Howdoestheauthordescribetherelatioheindividualandtherepublic?
Sopact1
[1]Isupposementohavereachedthepointatwhichtheobstathewayoftheirpreservatioeofheirpowerofresistaerthantheresourcesatthedisposalofeadividualforhismaistate.Thatprimitivesubsisthehumanracewouldperishugeditsmaence.
[2]But，asmengenderonlyuniteaiheyhavenoothermeahemselvesthaion，byaggregation，ofasumreatenoughtooveretheresistaheyhavetintoplaybymeansofasiivepower，ai.1
[3]Thissumofforariseonlywhereseveralpersoher:but，asthefordlibertyofeaarethestrumentsofhisself-preservation，holedgethemwithhisows，ahecareheowestohimself?Thisdiffiitsbearingosubject，maybestatedinthefollowingterms:
[4]“Theproblemistofindaformofassowhichwilldefendahewholeohepersonandgoodsofeachassodinwhicheach，whileunitihall，maystillobeyhimselfalone，andremainasfreeasbefore.”
ThisisthefualproblemforwhichTheSotractprovidesthesolution.
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